ECG is valid for. Preparing for surgery. List of tests. Analysis period. Standard list of preoperative tests

After a diagnostic examination has been carried out, the diagnosis has been verified and a decision has been made on the need for surgical treatment, you are assigned a day of surgery, but you need to check how ready your body is for surgery. To do this, you need to undergo an examination and pass a list of tests. The validity of the examination results and the timing of the tests vary depending on the type of examination. A list of tests and examinations recommended to be taken before surgery is presented below.

List of tests for surgery at the Eye Diagnostics and Surgery Center:

1. General clinical blood test, duration of bleeding, clotting time, platelets (test period - 14 days).
2. General clinical urine analysis (test shelf life is 14 days).
3. Blood test for blood group, Rh factor (test validity period is 14 days).
4. Blood test for RW, blood test for HIV, hepatitis markers (HCV, HbsAg) (tests are valid for 90 days).
5. Biochemical blood test: total protein, total bilirubin, cholesterol, AST, ALT, urea, creatinine, blood electrolytes, glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (for patients with diabetes), prothrombin index (test period - 1 month).
6. Electrocardiogram with interpretation (valid for 14 days).
7. Conclusion of a chest x-ray (valid for 6 months).
8. Conclusion about the absence of contraindications to eye surgery:

• Therapist;
• Endocrinologist - for patients with diabetes;
• Nephrologist - for patients with chronic renal failure;
• Cardiologist - for patients with cardiovascular pathology;
• Other specialists who regularly monitor the patient for concomitant diseases.

You can perform these studies at any public or commercial clinic.

The modern level of ophthalmic surgery allows eye surgeries to be performed on an outpatient basis, in a “one-day hospital” mode. For example, in many European countries and the United States, patients scheduled for surgery arrive at the clinic the morning before surgery, are given a little preparation for the operation in the preoperative ward, and are escorted to the operating room by medical staff. Keeping the patient at home with people close to him before surgery can reduce the stress associated with the need for surgery.

Preoperative preparation for surgery (preparing the patient for surgery):

• The morning before surgery, a light breakfast is allowed, but not less than 4 hours before surgical treatment (except for patients with diabetes).
• Medications regularly taken by the patient for concomitant pathology should be continued on the day of surgery.
• On the day of surgery, thoroughly wash your face, wash your hair and do not use cosmetics.
• Before the operation, drinking alcohol is strictly prohibited, and it is advisable to refrain from smoking.
• On the day of the operation, you must come to the Clinic at the appointed time; you must have accompanying persons. You need to have with you: an identification document, medical history, test results, a set of cotton underwear, replacement shoes (slippers).
• After completing the documents for hospitalization, the attending physician will inform you in detail before the operation about the progress and scope of the upcoming operation, the possible risks of the operation and complications if you refuse it.

Table. Validity period for tests and examinations.

Hello, can you tell me if there is any set expiration date for ultrasound results?

The validity period of ultrasound results depends on the goals pursued by the patient. For a preventive examination and comparison of previous examination results with the present ones, the period ranges from 6 to 12 months, depending on the organ being examined.

When hospitalized in a highly specialized medical institution, the requirements for the freshness of ultrasound results may be increased. So, for example, upon admission to the center of cardiovascular surgery, the shelf life of echocariography results is not 6 months, but only 1. When hospitalized at the oncology center, the validity period of abdominal ultrasound is reduced and is also 1 month. Before preparing for abdominal surgery, the requirements for fresh ultrasound are similar - no more than 1 month old.

Attention! All information on the site is provided for informational purposes only and is for informational purposes only. For all questions regarding the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, you must consult a doctor for an in-person consultation.

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Medical examination 23

According to the Federal Law of the Russian Federation of November 21, 2011 N 323-FZ “On the fundamentals of protecting the health of citizens in the Russian Federation”, when undergoing medical examinations, if the employee provides tests from other organizations, it is necessary to take into account.

WHICH DOCTORS TO SEE AND WHAT TESTS TO TAKE FOR RENEWAL AND RE-REGISTRATION OF A MEDICAL CARD.

The scope of the medical examination (examination) for issuing a personal medical record depends on the type of activity and profession of the employee (according to Order No. 302N, Appendix 2, paragraphs 14-26) and is shown in the following table:

Name of work and professions

Laboratory and functional studies1,2

14. Work in food industry organizations, dairy and distribution points, at bases and warehouses of food products, where there is contact with food products during their production, storage, sale, including work on sanitary processing and repair of inventory, equipment, as well as work where there is contact with food products when transporting them on all types of transport

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Chest X-ray

Blood test for syphilis

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15. Work in catering organizations, trade, buffets, catering units, including in transport

Chest X-ray

Blood test for syphilis

Tests for carriage of intestinal pathogens and serological examination for typhoid fever upon entry to work and subsequently - according to epidemiological indications

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Tests for helminthiases upon entry to work and thereafter - at least once a year or according to epidemiological

A swab from the throat and nose for the presence of pathogenic staphylococcus upon entry to work,

in the future - according to medical and epidemiological indications

16. Work performed by students of educational organizations of general and vocational education before and during internship in organizations whose employees are subject to medical examinations (examinations)

Chest X-ray

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Blood test for syphilis

Tests for carriage of intestinal pathogens and serological examination for typhoid fever upon entry to work and subsequently - according to epidemiological indications

Tests for helminthiases upon entry to work and thereafter - at least once a year or according to epidemiological indications

17. Work of medical personnel of medical institutions, as well as maternity hospitals (departments), children's hospitals (departments), children's clinics, departments of pathology of newborns, premature babies

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Chest X-ray

Blood test for syphilis

Smears for gonorrhea

Tests for carriage of intestinal pathogens and serological examination for typhoid fever upon entry to work and subsequently - according to epidemiological indications

Tests for helminthiases upon entry to work and thereafter - at least once a year or according to epidemiological indications

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A swab from the throat and nose for the presence of pathogenic staphylococcus upon entry to work and in the future -

Once every 6 months

18. Work in educational organizations of all types and types, as well as children's organizations that do not carry out educational activities (sports sections, creative, leisure children's organizations, etc.)

Chest X-ray

Blood test for syphilis

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Gonorrhea smears upon entry to work

19. Work in children's and adolescent seasonal health organizations

Chest X-ray

Blood test for syphilis

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Gonorrhea smears upon entry to work

Tests for carriage of intestinal pathogens and serological examination for typhoid fever upon entry to work and subsequently - according to epidemiological indications

Tests for helminthiases upon entry to work and thereafter - at least once a year or according to epidemiological indications

20. Work in preschool educational organizations, children's homes, organizations for orphans and children left without parental care (persons in their place), boarding educational organizations, recreational educational organizations, including sanatorium type, children's sanatoriums, year-round camps recreation, as well as social shelters and nursing homes

Chest X-ray

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Blood test for syphilis

Smears for gonorrhea

Tests for carriage of intestinal pathogens and serological examination for typhoid fever upon entry to work and subsequently - according to epidemiological indications

Tests for helminthiases upon entry to work and thereafter - at least once a year or according to epidemiological indications

21. Work in consumer service organizations (bathhouse attendants, shower workers, hairdressers)

Chest X-ray

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Blood test for syphilis

Gonorrhea smears upon entry to work

Tests for carriage of intestinal pathogens and serological examination for typhoid fever upon entry to work and subsequently - according to epidemiological indications

22. Work in swimming pools and spas

Chest X-ray

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Blood test for syphilis Smears for gonorrhea upon admission to work

23. Work in hotels, hostels, passenger carriages (conductors), as a flight attendant

Chest X-ray

Blood test for syphilis

Smears for gonorrhea upon entry to work and in the future -

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24. Work in medical industry organizations and pharmacy chains related to the production, packaging and sale of medicines

Chest X-ray

Gonorrhea smears upon entry to work

Tests for helminthiases upon entry to work and thereafter - at least once a year or according to epidemiological indications

25. Work on water supply facilities related to water treatment and maintenance of water supply networks

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Chest X-ray

Gonorrhea smears upon entry to work

Tests for helminthiases upon entry to work and thereafter - at least once a year, or according to epidemiological indications

26. Work related to milk processing and production of dairy products

Chest X-ray

Free legal advice:

Blood test for syphilis

Gonorrhea smears upon entry to work

Tests for carriage of intestinal pathogens and serological examination for typhoid fever upon entry to work and subsequently - according to epidemiological indications

Tests for helminthiases upon entry to work and thereafter - at least once a year or according to epidemiological indications

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Tests before surgery, necessary list

If a patient is undergoing surgery, he undergoes a routine examination and tests before surgery. This will determine how ready the patient’s body is for the upcoming surgical treatment and reduce the risk of severe consequences and complications.

Standard list of preoperative tests

Preoperative examination involves the following tests:

• Clinical blood test. To obtain reliable results, it is recommended to refrain from eating for 6-8 hours before the procedure. The study is carried out 2-3 days before surgical treatment so that the doctor can assess the presence and stage of inflammatory processes. With chronic inflammation, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate increases (more than 30 mmol per liter). During infectious diseases or in the presence of purulent wounds, the number of leukocytes is increased. With a reduced hemoglobin level, various complications can be expected in the postoperative period. Therefore, the patient needs a special diet and iron supplements. It is important to determine the number of platelets that are involved in blood clotting and wound healing;
• Biochemical blood test. Allows you to determine the functionality of internal organs and systems and detect serious diseases. The analysis helps determine the level of total protein in the bloodstream, ALT and AST, creatinine, sugar, bilirubin and other vital compounds;
• Clinical examination of urine. Allows you to assess the condition of the urinary system. For analysis you will need an average portion of morning urine. If proteins or a large number of red blood cells are detected in the urine, it is recommended to postpone surgery. If there is an urgent need, surgery is performed while using drugs to improve kidney function. If salts and sand are found in the urine, then additional preventive measures will need to be taken to prevent the movement of stones;
• Determination of blood group and Rh factor. This information allows you to prepare donor blood in advance to provide emergency assistance in the event of bleeding. The study is carried out once in a lifetime;
• Analysis for syphilis, hepatitis B and C, HIV infection. A blood test for the listed infections allows you to determine how dangerous the patient is to other patients and medical personnel;
• Coagulogram. The test is a blood clotting test to determine the risk of bleeding during or after surgery. If a low prothrombin index (PTI) level is detected, the blood clot will take too long to form. In such a case, the patient is prescribed drugs that can increase the level of clotting. If the PTI is high, the risk of developing blood clots increases. In such cases, blood thinning drugs are prescribed;
• ECG. The study allows you to assess the functionality of the heart, find out the presence of contraindications or restrictions to surgical procedures. ECG results help the surgeon determine the tactics of the operation, and the anesthesiologist - the optimal dose and nature of anesthesia;
• Fluorography or x-ray of the chest organs. Allows you to exclude the development of tuberculosis and inflammatory processes in the lungs.

Important! The validity period of tests varies significantly. Clinical and biochemical blood tests, coagulogram, ECG are valid for 10 days. Fluorography is performed once a year. Tests for infections are valid for no more than 3 months.

Additional tests before surgery

Before some surgical procedures, a standard examination of the patient is not enough. If vein surgery is to be performed, duplex scanning (Doppler ultrasound) is additionally prescribed. Before laparoscopy, you will need to perform a fibrogastroscopy to exclude pathologies of the digestive organs, and a blood test for hormones to exclude diseases of the endocrine system.

Important! If abnormalities are found during the examination, the patient is referred for additional consultation to specialized specialists: endocrinologist, cardiologist, otolaryngologist.

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Often, before surgery, a dental examination and sanitation of the oral cavity are prescribed. The absence of inflammatory processes in the oral cavity reduces the risk of developing infectious diseases after surgery. A dental examination is a mandatory stage of preoperative preparation before installing metal implants.

For male patients over 50 years of age, it is recommended to determine prostate-specific antigen PSA. The study allows us to establish the presence of inflammatory processes that can lead to the development of severe complications in the postoperative period. For patients with ischemic heart disease and heart rhythm disturbances, Holter monitoring with ECG recording is recommended. This is necessary to determine the presence of contraindications to surgery, the dosage and type of anesthesia.

Specialized tests before gynecological operations

Examination before surgery on the uterus or appendages involves standard tests and additional studies. The latter include the following manipulations:

• Taking a smear of vaginal flora. The analysis allows us to identify some bacterial infections and inflammatory processes for which gynecological operations are not performed. The validity period of the smear is no more than 2 weeks;
• Cytological analysis of the cervix and cervical canal. The study is carried out to determine malignant changes in tissues before any surgical procedures. The results of the study are valid for 6 months;
• Taking an aspirate from the uterine cavity. The analysis is carried out to exclude cancer pathology in the uterus. Validity period – 6 months;
• Blood test for tumor markers CA 125, CA 19.9. The analysis is prescribed if there are cysts or tumors in the uterine appendages. The results are valid for 3 months;
• Carrying out magnetic resonance imaging with contrast in the presence of a tumor helps to determine the extent of damage to the uterus and appendages, and the involvement of healthy neighboring tissues in the pathological process. The study is valid for 3 months.

Preoperative examination is an important stage in preparation for surgical treatment. It allows you to minimize the risk of complications, determine treatment tactics, and select the optimal type of anesthesia.

Are ECG indicators limited by expiration date, research algorithm?

The standard list of medical examination procedures must include a visit to a cardiologist. Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most common, and there are many possible diagnoses, which is why regularly performed electrocardiography is so important - it helps to identify pathological processes at the very beginning. It is also carried out before any surgical intervention. Read on to learn more about what an ECG is and how long its results are valid.

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What is an ECG?

The procedure is a type of research in which changes in electrical potentials are recorded. The basis for this technique was the natural electrical impulses of the heart, which originate in the sinusoidal node and provoke contractions of myocardial cells. These impulses travel further throughout the body, so a comprehensive study helps to get a general idea of ​​the state of the heart muscle.

The procedure itself has a number of advantages:

• short duration;
• information content;
• painlessness;
• non-invasiveness.

This study is safe for humans, so even pregnant women can carry it out without fear.

Carrying out an ECG: indications and important points

In addition to the standard medical examination, which should be carried out every year, there are a number of other circumstances that require a cardiogram. This list includes:

Certain occupational risks, advanced age or bad habits also become indications for regular ECG testing. Men over 40 should pay special attention to the heart.

An ECG is an integral procedure before surgery. In this case, it is important to consider the validity period of the study - for surgical intervention the shelf life is up to several days.

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How to prepare for research?

To ensure that the study result reflects the condition of the heart muscle as accurately as possible, it is recommended to adhere to the following recommendations:

• Limit liquid intake the night before;
• do not eat food two hours before taking an electrocardiogram;
• exclude physical activity;
• do not drink coffee or tea the day before;
• Do not apply cream or oil to the skin.

It is best to come to the office in advance and sit for 20 minutes to bring your breathing back to normal. For your own comfort, you should wear simple, easily removable clothing.

Important! It is enough that a blouse or sweater can be easily removed; jeans (trousers) can simply be rolled up.

When discussing the ECG procedure with your doctor, specify the date you need the latest results. This will allow you to set a date for the study so that the expiration date of the new ECG meets the needs of the patient. It is imperative to report any existing heart disease.

How is an ECG taken?

The procedure itself is simple, but there are rules, non-compliance with which can negatively affect the result and provide false information. To ensure that the data reflects the true state of affairs, it is recommended:

• come to the procedure in a calm state;
• do not use energy drinks and other stimulants;
• Relax and don’t be nervous while recording.

Important! ECG is performed only in a calm state!

Before the procedure, the person lies down on a couch. The specialist places electrodes on certain points, having previously lubricated the area with a special conductive gel - it simplifies the detection of electrical impulses and makes the result more accurate.

The recording is kept for 10 minutes. It is stored electronically or in paper form. If the study is the patient’s initiative, then the result is delivered on the same day. Upon presentation of the referral, the sheet is sent directly to the attending physician.

This result is valid for two weeks - this period includes the day of the study itself.

How many ECGs are there really?

Like any analysis or study, an ECG has its own period during which the doctor’s conclusion is valid. In general, this is two weeks. It is recommended to do an ECG last, since its result can be obtained on the day of the test, while a clinical blood test may take more than one day.

A completely different picture with planned surgery. In this case, all tests are taken as close as possible to the date of conduct. In this situation, the ECG is accurate for a couple of days. The exact expiration date is determined by the doctor. For example, weekly studies are suitable for assessing the risks of anesthesia, while interventions directly on the heart may require the shortest possible time - one or two days.

ECG interpretation

The sheet with the electrocardiogram itself is not a conclusion. To receive it, you need to take the received sheet to a cardiologist.

Important! Only a specialized doctor can make a diagnosis.

If it is temporarily impossible to consult a doctor, then you can act independently. Knowing the norms regarding teeth, intervals and segments, one can make assumptions regarding diseases. But such self-diagnosis is only a calming psychological factor. Only a doctor can take into account all the nuances of the electrocardiogram and the patient’s personal characteristics.

Conclusions are drawn based on the number of non-compliances with standards, their criticality, previously suffered diseases and chronic diseases. The psycho-emotional state of the patient must be taken into account.

ECG effectiveness

Despite the fact that the method itself is not so new, it makes it possible to notice pathological disorders in the early stages and accurately establish the general dynamics. With a competent approach to decoding, the attending physician can identify:

• arrhythmias;
• ischemic diseases;
• myocardial hypertrophy;
• heart and vascular defects;
• other violations.

An electrocardiogram is mandatory for pregnant women, especially on the eve of childbirth - this allows you to develop a labor management plan and reduce the risks of complications.

Sometimes additional research is required to confirm the diagnosis. For example, an echocardiogram may be required to determine the size and shape of a heart defect. A karyogram is just another tool with which you can quickly and painlessly make a diagnosis.

The validity period of a particular analysis directly depends on the purpose of the analysis. In general, clinical blood tests, urine tests, and ECG results are considered valid for about 10 days, but in the preoperative period these figures are sharply reduced. Some tests are taken on the day of surgery. A cardiogram, depending on the type of operation, is done shortly before the scheduled intervention.

In any case, drawing up a plan for tests and examinations is the task of the attending physician. As the fastest test in terms of obtaining results, electrocardiography can be placed at the very end of the medical examination.

Tests before surgery

Smetanin Sergey Mikhailovich

traumatologist - orthopedist, candidate of medical sciences

Moscow, st. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya, 6., bldg. 1, metro station Sportivnaya

In 2007 he graduated with honors from the Northern State Medical University in Arkhangelsk.

From 2007 to 2009, he completed clinical residency and correspondence postgraduate studies at the Department of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Military Surgery of the Yaroslavl State Medical Academy on the basis of the Emergency Hospital named after. N.V. Solovyova.

In 2010, he defended his dissertation for the degree of Candidate of Medical Sciences on the topic “Therapeutic immobilization of open fractures of the femur.” Scientific supervisor, professor V.V. Klyuchevsky.

From 2010 to 2011 he worked as a traumatologist-orthopedist at the Federal State Institution “2 Central Military Clinical Hospital named after. P.V. Mandryka."

Since 2011, he has been working in the clinic of traumatology, orthopedics and joint pathology of the First Moscow State Medical University. THEM. Sechenov.

2012 – training course on knee replacement, prof. Dr. Henrik Schroeder-Boersch (Germany), Kuropatkin G.V. (Samara), Yekaterinburg.

February 18, 2014 – workshop on orthopedic surgery “Knee and hip joint replacement”, Dr. Patrick Mouret, Klinikum Frankfurt Hoechst, Germany.

November 28-29, 2014 - training course on knee replacement. Professor Kornilov N.N. (RNIITO named after R.R. Vreden, St. Petersburg), Kuropatkin G.V., Sedova O.N. (Samara), Kaminsky A.V. (Kurgan). Topic: “Course on ligament balance during primary knee replacement,” Morphological Center, Yekaterinburg.

Associate member of the International Society of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology (SICOT - French Société Internationale de Chirurgie Orthopédique et de Traumatologie; English - International Society of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology). The society was founded in 1929.

Scientific and practical interests: endoprosthetics of large joints, arthroscopy of large joints.

Tests to be taken before surgery

Before a planned operation, it is necessary to undergo examinations and tests.

The minimum list of analyzes and studies includes:

• General blood test - the statute of limitations is 10 days.
• General urine test - the statute of limitations is 10 days.
• Biochemical blood test (bilirubin, total protein, AST, ALT, creatinine, urea, C-reactive protein) - the statute of limitations is 4 weeks.
• Blood sugar.
• Coagulogram (blood clotting time, bleeding time, INR, prothrombin index, fibrinogen, APTT)
• Blood type and Rh factor.
• Tests for infectious diseases (hepatitis B and C, HIV, syphilis) - statute of limitations is 3 months.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG).
• Fibrogastroduodenoscopy (FGDS).
• Ultrasound examination of the veins of the lower extremities (USDG) - during operations on the lower extremities.
• Consultation with a therapist (after 60 years).

The shelf life of other tests before surgery is up to 2-3 weeks.

Check with your attending physician for a list of tests and examinations before surgery, since in some cases, with concomitant pathology, consultation with a cardiologist, endocrinologist, vascular surgeon, or neurologist is additionally necessary; An echocardiographic examination (ultrasound of the heart) is often required.

In addition, before any operation, it is advisable to sanitize foci of chronic infection, that is, visit a dentist, gynecologist, or otolaryngologist (ENT doctor). All this reduces the risk of postoperative infectious complications.

If a patient is undergoing surgery, he undergoes a routine examination and tests before surgery. This will make it possible to draw a conclusion about readiness for the upcoming surgical treatment, reducing the risk of developing severe consequences and complications.

What tests are taken before surgery?

Pre-hospitalization examination involves the following tests:

Important! The shelf life of tests varies significantly. Clinical and biochemical blood tests, coagulogram, ECG are valid for 10 days. Fluorography is performed once a year. Tests for infections are valid for no more than 3 months.

Additional tests before surgery

Before some surgical procedures, a standard examination of the patient is not enough. If vein surgery is to be performed, duplex scanning (Doppler ultrasound) is additionally prescribed. Before laparoscopy, you will need to perform a fibrogastroscopy to exclude pathologies of the digestive organs, and a blood test for hormones to exclude diseases of the endocrine system.

Important! If abnormalities are found during the examination, the patient is referred for additional consultation to specialized specialists: endocrinologist, cardiologist, otolaryngologist.

Often, before surgery, a dental examination and sanitation of the oral cavity are prescribed. The absence of inflammatory processes in the oral cavity reduces the risk of developing infectious diseases after surgery. A dental examination is a mandatory stage of preoperative preparation before installing metal implants.

For male patients over 50 years of age, it is recommended to determine prostate-specific antigen PSA. The study allows us to determine the presence of inflammation that can lead to the development of severe complications in the postoperative period. For patients with ischemic heart disease and heart rhythm disturbances, Holter monitoring with ECG recording is recommended. This is necessary to determine the presence of contraindications to surgery, dosage and type of anesthesia.

How long are tests for surgery valid?

Examination before surgery on the uterus or appendages involves standard tests and additional studies. The latter include the following manipulations:

• Taking a smear of vaginal flora. The analysis allows us to identify some bacterial infections and inflammatory processes for which gynecological operations are not performed. The validity period of the smear is no more than 2 weeks;
• Cytological analysis of the cervix and cervical canal. The study is carried out to determine malignant changes in tissues before any surgical procedures. The results of the study are valid for 6 months;
• Taking an aspirate from the uterine cavity. The analysis is carried out to exclude cancer pathology in the uterus. Tests are valid for 6 months;
• Blood test for tumor markers CA 125, CA 19.9. Prescribed in the presence of cysts or tumors in the uterine appendages. The shelf life of blood for analysis is 3 months;
• Carrying out magnetic resonance imaging with contrast in the presence of a tumor helps to determine the extent of damage to the uterus and appendages, and the involvement of healthy neighboring tissues in the pathological process. The result is valid for 3 months.

Preoperative examination is an important stage in preparation for surgical treatment. It allows you to minimize the risk of complications, determine treatment tactics, and select the optimal type of anesthesia.